ORIGINAL ARTICLE


https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10084-12113
Pondicherry Journal of Nursing
Volume 12 | Issue 2 | Year 2019

Effectiveness of Localized Basal Expansion Technique vs Chest Manipulation Technique on Improving Respiratory Status among Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders at MGMCRI, Puducherry: A Comparative Study


Ariraman Praimathi1, Surendran Raju2, K Renuka3

1–3Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Puducherry, India

Corresponding Author: K Renuka, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Puducherry, India, Phone: +91 9486537848, e-mail: renukagugan@yahoo.co.in

How to cite this article Praimathi A, Raju S, Renuka K. Effectiveness of Localized Basal Expansion Technique vs Chest Manipulation Technique on Improving Respiratory Status among Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders at MGMCRI, Puducherry: A Comparative Study. Pon J Nurs 2019;12(2):38–41.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

ABSTRACT

Background: Oxygen is very much important for the human body. Oxygen plays a vital role in breathing processes and in the metabolism of the living organism. The primary purpose of respiratory system is gas exchange which involves the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide that are passively exchanged by a diffusion process between the gaseous external environment and the blood. The exchange processes occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs. The respiratory system enables to produce energy by supplying the body with a continuous oxygen supply. It is also responsible for eliminating carbon dioxide, which is an end product of cell metabolism, whereas oxygen is necessary for human respiration.

Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach was used for this study. The research design used for this study is an experimental research design. This study was conducted in MGMCRI, Puducherry. The population of this study was 60 (30 local basal expansion technique and 30 chest manipulation technique) and was selected by using a simple random sampling technique (randomization with lottery method). The data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of part A and part B. Part A consists of sociodemographic data, and part B consists of rating scale to assess the respiratory status.

Results: Discussion on the finding was arranged based on the objective of this study. This study revealed that out of 30 samples, 23 (76.6%) of them had poor respiratory status, 7 (23.3%) of them had very poor respiratory status, and none of them had good respiratory status in pretest, whereas in posttest, 19 (63.3%) of them were in good respiratory status, 11 (36.6%) of them were in poor respiratory status, and none of them were in very poor respiratory status for the localized basal expansion technique. This finding revealed that out of 30 samples, 21 (70%) of them had poor respiratory status, 9 (30%) of them had very poor respiratory status, and none of them had good respiratory status in pretest, whereas in posttest, 26 (86.6%) of them were in good respiratory status, 4 (13.3%) of them were in poor respiratory status, and none of them were in very poor respiratory status for the chest manipulation technique.

Conclusion: This study implies that when compared with the localized basal expansion technique, the chest manipulation technique was effective in improving the respiratory status among patients with respiratory disorders.

Keywords: Chest manipulation technique, Localized basal expansion technique, Lower respiratory tract disorders, Respiratory status.

INTRODUCTION

Breathing is important for two reasons, the primary function is to supply oxygen to our body cells which is vital for our survival.1 It is essential for the integrity of the brains, nerves, glands, and internal organs.24 We can do without food for weeks and without water for days, but without oxygen we will die within a few minutes, if the brain does not get proper supply of this essential nutrient, it will result in the degradation of all vital organs in the body. The second function of breathing is to remove the waste products and toxins from the body.5,6

The recent statistics says that almost 26 million adults over the age 40 in India had respiratory disorders, and the data monitoring expect this number to increase 34% to approximately 32 million by 2020 (Canadian Thoracic Society, 2011).79

Recent studies have shown that incidence of dyspnea among adults is increasing in Puducherry; 51.5% of the population is affected by respiratory disorders.4 In that, 38.7% of the adults were severely affected, and 12% of geriatric people were affected by respiratory problems (Directorate of Health and Family Welfare, 2011).1012

There can be various disorders of this respiratory system which can be reversible or irreversible. The major disorders of the respiratory include asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hypertension.13

The brain requires more oxygen than any other organ. If it does not get enough oxygen, it will result in mental sluggishness, negative thoughts and depression, and, eventually, vision and hearing decline.14,15 Old people and those whose arteries are clogged often become senile, because oxygen to the brain is reduced.1618 The oxygen supply is reduced to all parts of the body as we get older due to poor lifestyle. Many people need reading glasses and suffer hearing decline in old age because of oxygen demand.1921

The raising of the rate respiratory disorders among adults in worldwide is because of environmental factors and bad habits such as cigarette smoking, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption.22,23 The morbidity and mortality rate of increasing in the United States is 7%, British is 6.5%, and China is 4.23% (US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).24,25

Greenberg et al. (2013) reported the incidence of respiratory disorders as 68% at the time of the death. Respiratory disorders can be quite prevalent in patients with congestive heart failure.26,27

According to National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2011), one in six deaths in adults was due to a lung disease.28,29 Chronic lower respiratory disease, which includes COPD and asthma, ranks third (behind cancer).30,31 Hypertension, asthma, coronary artery disease, and COPD are especially prevalent and account for substantial morbidity in Americans.3234

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of localized basal expansion technique vs chest manipulation technique on improving respiratory status among patients with lower respiratory tract disorders at MGMCRI, Puducherry”

OBJECTIVES

HYPOTHESES

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A quantitative research approach was used for this study. The research design used for this study is an experimental research design. This study was conducted in MGMCRI, Puducherry. The population of this study was 60 (30 local basal expansion technique and 30 chest manipulation technique) and was selected by using a simple random sampling technique (randomization with lottery method). The data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of part A and part B. Part A consists of sociodemographic data such as age, sex, religion, educational status, type of occupational status, nature of work, income, marital status, bad habits, how many years exposure of bad habits, frequency of bad habits, any previous history of respiratory disorders, and types of medication exposure, and part B by using the rating scale comprises pulse rate, respiratory rate, lung sound, oxygen saturation, capillary refilling, blood pressure, sputum, voice, weight, and chest wall expansion, and the intervention such as localized basal expansion technique and chest manipulation technique was given. The data analysis through descriptive and inferential statistics was carried out.

RESULTS

The findings from Table 1 revealed that out of 30 samples, 23 (76.6%) of them had poor respiratory status, 7 (23.3%) of them had very poor respiratory status, and none of them had good respiratory status in pretest, whereas in posttest, 19 (63.3%) of them were in good respiratory status, 11 (36.6%) of them were in poor respiratory status, and none of them were in very poor respiratory status.

Table 1: Frequency- and percentage-wise distribution on respiratory status among patients with the localized basal expansion technique (n = 30)
S. no.Level of respiratory statusLocalized basal expansion technique
Pretest
Posttest
nPercentagenPercentage
1Good respiratory status1963.3
2Poor respiratory status2376.61136.6
3Very poor respiratory status0723.3
Table 2: Frequency- and percentage-wise distribution on level of respiratory status among patients with the chest manipulation technique (n = 30)
S. no.Level of respiratory statusChest manipulation technique
Pretest
Posttest
nPercentagenPercentage
1Good respiratory status2686.6
2Poor respiratory status21700413.3
3Very poor respiratory status  930
Table 3: Comparison of respiratory status among patients with respiratory disorders of pre- and posttest for the localized basal expansion technique and chest manipulation technique
TechniquePretest
Posttest
Mean differencet valuep value
MeanSDMeanSD
Localized basal expansion technique89.9401.7993.7401.703.8013.4070.05*
Chest manipulation technique90.0002.1496.6001.616.6017.5450.001**

*p < 0.05, significant and **p < 0.001, highly significant

Thus, the research hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in the range of respiratory status before and after administration of the localized basal expansion technique among patients with respiratory disorders is accepted statistically.

The findings from Table 2 revealed that out of 30 samples, 21 (70%) of them had poor respiratory status, 9 (30%) of them had very poor respiratory status, and none of them had good respiratory status in pretest, whereas in posttest, 26 (86.6%) of them were in good respiratory status, 4 (13.3%) of them were in poor respiratory status, and none of them were in very poor respiratory status.

Thus, the research hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in the range of respiratory status before and after administration of the chest manipulation technique among patients with respiratory disorders is accepted statistically.

The findings from Table 3 revealed that the paired test “t” value of respiratory status among respiratory disorder patients in the localized basal expansion technique is t = 13.407 and p < 0.05. Hence, it is significant. The paired test “t” value of oxygen saturation among respiratory disorder patients in the chest manipulation technique is t = 17.54 and p < 0.001. Hence, it is highly significant.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations have been made:

CONCLUSION

This study implies that when compared with the localized basal expansion technique, the chest manipulation technique was effective in improving the respiratory status among patients with respiratory disorders. The study findings reveals that the patients consuming bronchodilators shows increased in the risk of decreased oxygen saturation range among patients with respiratory disorders. This may be due to inadequate effect of the drug over the bronchioles which will lead to improper and ineffective dilation of the narrow airway patency.

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