|
ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10084-13163
|
Assessment on Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students in Selected Arts and Science College
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing (Govt. Medical College), Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author: Reena N, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing (Govt. Medical College), Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9952815627, e-mail: rithikprakash26@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Reena N. Assessment on Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students in Selected Arts and Science College. Pon J Nurs 2023;16(2):25–30.
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Received on: 24 January 2023; Accepted on: 20 February 2023; Published on: 28 June 2023
ABSTRACT
Background: A person’s health and wellness are impacted by getting good sleep. The next day’s freshness, energy, enthusiasm, and sanity depend on it. It promotes comfortable sleep and empowers us when we wake up. The objectives of the study are to assess the quality of sleep and offer academic performance among undergraduates in selected colleges.
Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was used. About 28 subjects were selected by using convenience sampling technique who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and they availed themselves during the data collection at selected colleges in Uttar Pradesh. Data were collected by using sleep quality scale (SQS) and academic performance [grade point average (GPA)]. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Results: Overall quality of sleep revealed its level, 24 (85.7%) had a fairly good sleep, 3 (10.7%) had fairly bad sleep, and 1 (3.6%) had very good sleep. Academic performance of the undergraduate students was 13 (46.4%) excellent, 9 (32.1%) outstanding, 4 (14.3%) very good performance, and 2 (7.1%) good. So, the study concluded that good quality of sleep improved the academic performance of undergraduate students.
Conclusion: Quality of sleep improves the academic performance of undergraduate students. So, better and good sleep improves not only memory but also excellent academic performance.
Keywords: Academic performance, Sleep quality, Undergraduate students.
INTRODUCTION
The human body needs sleep as a physiological process to function normally. Physical, mental, and environmental factors like age, gender, occupation, style of life, emotional stress, and noise can also affect sleeping habits and problems.1
It has an impact on one’s capacity for learning, academic performance, and neural–behavioral processes.2
Getting good sleep involves the following: falling asleep in 30 minutes or less and spending at least 85% of the time in bed, waking up no more than once a night, and staying awake for no more than 20 minutes after awakening.3
Up to 60% of all college students experience poor sleep, and 7.7% of them fully match the criteria for an insomnia problem.4
The spike in screen time and the modifications to sleep cycles brought on by COVID-19’s self-isolation rules have disrupted sleep patterns all across the world.5
Due to prolonged mobile use for both personal and academic purposes, sleep is affected in this pandemic condition.
The researcher is interested in conducting a study among students on sleep and academic performance because she struggles with sleep disorders as a result of her heavy course load. The students who want to discover how their sleep quality affects their academic performance might benefit from this study. In order to give students academic and career counseling, school administrators, curriculum writers, and counselors will all benefit from the current study.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A descriptive study to assess the quality of sleep and academic performance among undergraduate students in selected Arts and Science College at Uttar Pradesh”.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the quality of sleep and academic performance among undergraduate students.
To correlate the quality of sleep and academic performance among undergraduate students.
To associate the quality of sleep among undergraduate students with selected demographic variables.
To associate the academic performance among undergraduate students with selected demographic variables.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research approach and design selected for this study were quantitative approaches and nonexperimental, correlational research design, respectively. About 28 subjects were recruited by using convenience sampling technique who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and they availed themselves during the data collection at selected Arts and Science Colleges in Uttar Pradesh. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Human Ethical Committee. The participants were fully informed about the study objectives and were informed of written consent that too was obtained. The researcher was assured that their data would be treated anonymously and that confidentiality would be guaranteed. The researcher collected the information from undergraduate students by survey method (self-administered questionnaire was followed). Data were collected by using demographic details obtained through structured profile followed by quality of sleep-by-sleep quality scale (SQS) by Chol Shin. The academic performance was assessed by collecting two internal assessment marks for grade point average (GPA). Each participant took 20 minutes to complete the questionnaire. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to describe demographic data, quality of sleep, and academic performance. Chi-square was used to find an association between quality of sleep and demographic variables and academic performance and demographic variables. The coefficient of correlation was used to correlate the quality of sleep and academic performance.
RESULTS
Table 1A shows frequency and percentage-wise distribution of demographic variables of undergraduate students. Out of 28 undergraduate students, majority 20 (71.4%) students were in the age-group of 19 years. Most of them, 25 (89.3%), followed Hindu religion. Of all of them, 28 (100%) were single. Majority of students, 19 (67.9%), were nuclear family. Majority of students, 26 (92.9%), were day-scholar.
| Sl. no. | Demographic data | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Age (in years) | ||
| 18 years | 6 | 21.4 | |
| 19 years | 20 | 71.4 | |
| 20 years | 2 | 7.1 | |
| 2. | Religion | ||
| Hindu | 25 | 89.3 | |
| Muslim | 0 | 0 | |
| Christian | 3 | 10.7 | |
| Others | 0 | 0 | |
| 3. | Marital status | ||
| Single | 28 | 100 | |
| 4. | Type of family | ||
| Joint family | 3 | 10.7 | |
| Nuclear family | 19 | 67.9 | |
| Extended family | 0 | 0 | |
| Single parents | 6 | 21.4 | |
| 5. | Place of staying | ||
| Day-scholar | 26 | 92.9 | |
| Hostellers | 2 | 7.1 | |
| 6. | Number of siblings in the family | ||
| One | 15 | 53.6 | |
| Two | 9 | 32.1 | |
| Three and above | 0 | 0 | |
| Nil | 4 | 14.3 | |
| 7. | Residence | ||
| Urban | 11 | 39.3 | |
| Rural | 15 | 53.6 | |
| Semiurban | 2 | 7.1 | |
| 8. | Dietary pattern | ||
| Vegetarian | 7 | 25 | |
| Nonvegetarian | 21 | 75 | |
| 9. | Physical activity | ||
| Yes | 13 | 46.4 | |
| No | 15 | 53.6 | |
| 10. | Part-time job | ||
| Yes | 1 | 3.6 | |
| No | 27 | 96.4 | |
Table 1B shows frequency and percentage-wise distribution of demographic variables of undergraduate students, most of them, 15 (53.6%), had one sibling. Of the majority of them, 15 (53.6%) were residents in rural. Most of the students, 21 (75%), come under nonvegetarian. Most of the students, 15 (53.6%), were doing physical activity. Majority of students, 27 (96.4%), not going for a part-time job.
Assessment of Quality of Sleep among Undergraduate Students
Table 2 shows frequency and percentage-wise distribution of the level of quality of sleep among undergraduate students. Of the majority of the students, 24 (85.7%) had fairly good sleep, 3 (10.7%) had fairly bad sleep, 1 (3.6%) had very good sleep, and none of them had very bad sleep, respectively (Fig. 1).
| Level of quality of sleep | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Very good sleep | 1 | 3.6 |
| Fairly good sleep | 24 | 85.7 |
| Fairly bad sleep | 3 | 10.7 |
| Very bad sleep | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 28 | 100 |
Fig. 1: Percentage-wise distribution of the level of quality of sleep among undergraduate students
Assessment of Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students
Table 3 shows that frequency and percentage-wise distribution of the level of academic performance. Out of majority of the students, 13 (46.4%) excellent, 9 (32.1%) outstanding, 4 (14.3%) very good performance, 2 (7.1%) good and above average, average, and fail 0 (0%), respectively (Fig. 2).
| Level | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | 9 | 32.1 |
| Excellent | 13 | 46.4 |
| Very good | 4 | 14.3 |
| Good | 2 | 7.1 |
| Above average | 0 | 0 |
| Average | 0 | 0 |
| Fail | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 28 | 100 |
Fig. 2: Percentage-wise distribution of the level of academic performance among undergraduate students
Correlate the Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students
Table 4 shows correlation between level of quality of sleep and academic performance among students in the study group. In mean and standard deviation, the level of quality of sleep and academic performance is 33.2143 ± 10.40426 and 84.5714 ± 7.97881, respectively. Correlation between the level of quality of sleep and academic performance indicates a positive correlation and shows the results: Pearson correlation r-value 0.004 and p-value 0.985 are statistically not significant, respectively (Fig. 3).
| Correlation | Mean | Standard deviation | r-value Pearson correlation | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of quality of sleep | 33.2143 | 10.40426 | 0.004 | 0.985 NS |
| Academic performance | 84.5714 | 7.97881 | Positive correlation |
Fig. 3: Correlation between quality of sleep and academic performance
Association between the Levels of Quality of Sleep among Undergraduate Students with their Selected Demographic Variables
Table 5 depicts that the demographic variables had shown a statistically significant association with the level of quality of sleep and residence at p-value of 0.006 and part-time job and quality of sleep at p-value of 0.012.
| Sl. no. | Demographic variable | Level of quality of sleep | Chi-square | Df | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very good | Fairly good | Fairly bad | ||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
| 1. | Age (in years) | |||||||||
| 18 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1.867 | 4 | 0.760 NS | |
| 19 | 1 | 100 | 16 | 66.7 | 3 | 100 | ||||
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 2. | Religion | |||||||||
| Hindu | 0 | 0 | 22 | 91.7 | 3 | 89.3 | 8.836 | 2 | 0.012 S* | |
| Muslim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Christian | 1 | 100 | 2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Others | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 3. | Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | Constant | |
| Single | 1 | 100 | 24 | 100 | 3 | 100 | ||||
| 4. | Type of family | |||||||||
| Nuclear family | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 1.075 | 4 | 0.898 NS | |
| Joint family | 1 | 100 | 16 | 66.7 | 2 | 66.7 | ||||
| Extended family | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Single parents | 0 | 1 | 5 | 20.8 | 1 | 33.3 | ||||
| 5. | Place of staying | |||||||||
| Day-scholar | 1 | 100 | 22 | 91.7 | 3 | 100 | 0.359 | 2 | 0.836 NS | |
| Hostellers | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 6. | Number of sibling in the family | |||||||||
| One | 1 | 100 | 12 | 50 | 2 | 53.6 | 3.014 | 4 | 0.556 NS | |
| Two | 0 | 0 | 9 | 37.5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Three and above | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Nil | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12.5 | 1 | 33.3 | ||||
| 7. | Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 0 | 0 | 9 | 37.5 | 2 | 66.7 | 14.435 | 4 | 0.006 S* | |
| Rural | 0 | 0 | 14 | 58.3 | 1 | 33.3 | ||||
| Semiurban | 1 | 100 | 1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 8. | Dietary pattern | |||||||||
| Vegetarian | 0 | 0 | 7 | 29.2 | 0 | 0 | 1.556 | 2 | 0.459 NS | |
| Nonvegetarian | 1 | 100 | 24 | 70.8 | 3 | 100 | ||||
| 9. | Physical activity | |||||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 13 | 54.2 | 0 | 0 | 4.044 | 2 | 0.132 NS | |
| No | 1 | 100 | 11 | 45.8 | 3 | 100 | ||||
| 10. | Part-time job | |||||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 33.3 | 8.642 | 2 | 0.013 S* | |
| No | 1 | 100 | 24 | 100 | 2 | 66.7 | ||||
Association between the Levels Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students with their Selected Demographic Variables
Table 6 depicts that the demographic variables had shown statistically not significant association with the level of academic performance among undergraduate students at p < 0.001 level and p < 0.05, respectively.
| Sl. no. | Demographic variable | Level of academic performance | Chi-square | Df | p-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | Excellent | Very good | Good | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
| 1. | Age (in years) | |||||||||||
| 18 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 30.8 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 9.178 | 6 | 0.164 NS | |
| 19 | 7 | 77.8 | 9 | 69.2 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 100 | ||||
| 20 | 2 | 22.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 2. | Religion | |||||||||||
| Hindu | 9 | 100 | 12 | 92.3 | 3 | 75 | 1 | 50 | 5.284 | 3 | 0.152 NS | |
| Christian | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Muslim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Others | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 3. | Marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | Constant | |
| Single | 9 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 4 | 100 | 2 | 100 | ||||
| 4. | Type of family | |||||||||||
| Joint family | 1 | 11.1 | 1 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 5.182 | 6 | 0.521 NS | |
| Nuclear family | 7 | 77.8 | 8 | 61.5 | 3 | 75 | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Extended family | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Single parents | 1 | 11.1 | 4 | 30.8 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 5. | Place of staying | |||||||||||
| Day-scholar | 9 | 100 | 12 | 92.3 | 3 | 75 | 2 | 100 | 2.775 | 3 | 0.428 NS | |
| Hostellers | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 6. | Number of sibling in the family | |||||||||||
| One | 7 | 77.8 | 7 | 53.8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 7.544 | 6 | 0.273 NS | |
| Two | 1 | 11.1 | 4 | 30.8 | 3 | 75 | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Three and above | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Nil | 1 | 11.1 | 2 | 15.4 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 7. | Residence | |||||||||||
| Urban | 3 | 33.3 | 6 | 46.2 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 50 | 8.480 | 6 | 0.205 NS | |
| Rural | 5 | 55.6 | 7 | 53.8 | 3 | 75 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Semiurban | 1 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | ||||
| 8. | Dietary pattern | |||||||||||
| Vegetarian | 2 | 22.2 | 3 | 23.1 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2.063 | 3 | 0.560 NS | |
| Nonvegetarian | 7 | 77.8 | 10 | 76.9 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 100 | ||||
| 9. | Physical activity | |||||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 55.6 | 6 | 46.2 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 50 | 1.051 | 3 | 0.789 NS | |
| No | 4 | 44.4 | 7 | 53.0 | 3 | 75 | 1 | 50 | ||||
| 10. | Part-time job | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 6.222 | 3 | 0.101 NS | |
| No | 9 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 3 | 75 | 2 | 100 | ||||
DISCUSSION
The results of the present study showed that the level of quality of sleep 24 (85.7%) had fairly good sleep, 3 (10.7%) had fairly bad sleep, and very good sleep 1 (3.6%). Academic performance of the undergraduate students 13 (46.4%) excellent, 9 (32.1%) outstanding, 4 (14.3%) very good performance, and 2 (7.1%) good. So, the study concluded that good quality of sleep improved the academic performance of the undergraduate students.
The present study supported by Hermoso et al. conducted a study on “The Impact of Sleeping Patterns on Academic Performance and Health Among University Students. A sample of 855 students who participated in the study used an ex post facto design. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index tool was utilized. The results indicate that women are more likely than males to experience poor sleep quality. Students with poor sleep-quality score were lower on academic performance than those with good sleep quality, according to research on the connection between sleep quality and academic performance.6
CONCLUSION
The study findings concluded that good quality of sleep improves the academic performance of undergraduates of arts and science students. If the quality of sleep was good, their academic performance also would be good. Create more awareness for the students to maintain good quality of sleep to achieve excellent academic performance.
REFERENCES
1. Schlarb AA, Friedrich A, Claßen M. Sleep problems in university students – An intervention. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017;13:1989–2001. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S142067.
2. Jalali R, Khazaei H, Paveh BK, Hayrani Z, Menati L. The effect of sleep quality on students’ academic achievement. Adv Med Educ Pract 2020;11:497–502. DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S261525.
3. Kevin Asp. Quantity of Sleep vs Quality of Sleep: Why this is Important 2020. https://www.aastweb.org/blog/quantity-of-sleep-vs-quality-of-sleep-why-this-is- important.
4. Kaur G. A study on the sleep quality of Indian College Students. JSM Brain Science 2018. https://www.jscimedcentral.com/BrainScience/brainscience-3-1018.pdf.
5. Steinmayr R, Weidinger AF, Schwinger M, Spinath B. The importance of students’ motivation for their Academic Achievement, Findings. Front Psychol 2019;10. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730.
6. Toscano-Hermoso MD, Arbinaga F, Fernández-Ozcorta EJ, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Influence of sleeping patterns in health and academic performance among university students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(8):2760. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082760.
________________________
© The Author(s). 2023 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.