Background: Hemodialysis remains the most frequently used renal replacement modality across the globe. Vascular access needed to provide hemodialysis falls under two main categories that are short term and long term. Tunneled, cuffed central venous catheters are used extensively throughout the hemodialysis patient population as permanent arteriovenous access. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of simulation-based learning as an effective learning strategy on knowledge and practices regarding hemodialysis catheter exit site care among dialysis technician students. Materials and methods: Quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest designs were adopted for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data from 44 dialysis technician students. Results: Most of the samples (36, 82%) had good knowledge, and most of the subjects (37, 84%) had a satisfactory practicing level after the intervention. There was a significant difference between knowledge and practice scores before and after the educational program (p = 0.001^*). Conclusion: The study concluded that the intervention effectively improves the dialysis technicians as students’ knowledge and practice regarding hemodialysis catheter exit site care as well as student satisfaction and self-confidence of simulation-based learning.

Background: Anxiety is an emotional condition characterized by fear, uneasiness, and worry over potentially dangerous situations, as well as a physiological state of awareness. Surgery is a severe procedure that is often accompanied by bleeding, discomfort, and the danger of morbidity or death. As a result, preoperative anxiety is frequent, and the reported prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing various types of surgery ranges from 60 to 90%. The objectives of the study were to assess the anxiety level among patients undergoing surgery and to associate the anxiety level with selected demographic variables. Materials and methods: Descriptive research design was used for the study. The study population was patients who were undergoing surgery admitted to a tertiary care hospital. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 40 patients from the surgery ward. The demographic data were collected from the samples and Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale was administered to assess the anxiety level among patients undergoing surgery. Result: The result revealed that out of 40 samples, 26 (65%) had severe anxiety, 10 (25%) had moderate anxiety, and 4 (10%) had a low level of anxiety. It shows that majority of the adults had anxiety while undergoing surgery.

Background: Pressure ulcers are a type of injury that breaks the skin and underlying tissue. Among patients, it increases the discomfort, cost of treatment specifically for pressure ulcer. The treatment modalities of pressure ulcer include skin assessment, reposition, and skin massages. Aims and objectives: This paper aims to assess the risk score of pressure ulcer among immobilized patients, evaluate the effectiveness of Vibration Effleurage Petrissage MASsager (VEPMAS) device on prevention of pressure ulcer, and associate the risk of pressure ulcer among immobilized patients with selected demographic variables. Methods: Quantitative research with true experimental research design was adopted for this study. One hundred samples (50 in control group and 50 in experimental group) were selected using simple random sampling technique. Pretest was done in both groups using structured questionnaire for demographic variables and pressure ulcer risk using Braden Scale. VEPMAS device was applied to experimental group, and routine nursing care was given to control group. Posttest was done using Braden Scale in both the groups. Results: The study result shows that experimental group posttest mean score of risk of pressure ulcer was 13.9 ± 1.705, whereas in control group 13.4 ± 1.498. This shows VEPMAS device was most effective than manual back massage in preventing pressure ulcer among immobilized patients. Conclusion: A simple and effective method of preventing the pressure ulcer will be skin massage. Thus the study finding shows VEPMAS device was effective than routine nursing care.

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 might be present with a wide range spectrum of symptoms from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia and may lead to death. COVID patients may experience severe hypoxia without consistent features of respiratory distress; this is also called silent/happy/apathetic hypoxia. The exact mechanism of happy hypoxia is unknown; however, different assumptions include that COVID-19 idiosyncratic effect may damage the respiratory control system and cause severe damage to the lungs, and may lead to the sudden collapse of the lungs with the evidence of sudden dropout of SpO₂. Hence, it is a serious life-threatening condition that can need immediate medical attention.

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that cause illness in humans and animals. The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was initially noticed in a seafood market in Wuhan, China, in mid-December 2019. A person who has had COVID-19 infection confirmed in the laboratory, regardless of clinical symptoms. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, and the Janssen (Johnson and Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine have all been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency use. The importance of getting enough good sleep for your immune system cannot be overstated. Sleep is essential for a healthy immune system, and as COVID-19 vaccines are distributed, it is critical that people get enough sleep to stay healthy, and to maintain optimal health, people must continue to prioritize their sleep. “Getting enough, high-quality sleep on a daily basis boosts the immune system and optimizes overall reaction to a vaccine.” Normal sleep after vaccination boosts the immune response against an invading antigen, according to studies, and this immunity-boosting effect of sleep is clinically significant. “Getting a good night\'s sleep before and after immunization may be beneficial.”

Birth is a dynamic process and joyful process where every woman who is pregnant will definitely undergo the delivery process. The process of delivery will be normal, Cesarean section, vacuum, and forceps methods. Most of the mothers who are all undergone for normal spontaneous vaginal delivery process will get an episiotomy wound, especially the primigravid mothers. Some mothers may develop complications like irregular shape of the perineal region, pain, and wound infection. In that, many women need different birthing methods which will lower the labor pain and complications. Water birth is an emerging alternative method of delivery process with fewer complications. In water birth, there is no need for performance of episiotomy even for primigravid mothers. Because of less awareness among people, the practice of water birth was not popular. Training will be provided for the midwives to conduct an efficient water birth for the pregnant mothers, and the students will be educated and practiced in their study period itself. Further research studies are required to bring out the water birth into practice.

COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to have an association with a myriad of viral, fungal, and bacterial co-infections. Mucormycosis is a rare angio-invasive fungal infection that has shown a rising trend during COVID-19 infection in India. Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressing fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi in the Mucoraceae family and is frequently seen in diabetic and immune-compromised patients. Mucormycosis is a condition with a fulminant course and a high mortality risk. The early diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis is very important in terms of prognosis.