Background: Leptospirosis is one of the zoonotic diseases that has a worldwide distribution and is transmitted without any intermediary vertebrate or invertebrate or inanimate vectors directly to humans. It is an infectious disease caused by rats and skunks, opossums, raccoons, foxes, and other vermin spread by a specific form of bacteria called spirochete. Schoolchildren emerge as innovative individuals who plan for their potential position in society. Schoolchildren should have adequate knowledge about leptospirosis for early prevention. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge on prevention of leptospirosis among schoolchildren in selected school at Puducherry with a view to develop an information module. Aims and objectives: To assess the level of knowledge on prevention of leptospirosis among schoolchildren and to find out the association between the level of knowledge on prevention of leptospirosis among schoolchildren with selected demographic variables. Materials and methods: For this study, a descriptive research design was used. By a simple random sampling procedure, 60 samples of schoolchildren were chosen. The data were collected through a formal information questionnaire on the prevention of leptospirosis. Results: Regarding the level of knowledge of schoolchildren on prevention of leptospirosis, it was found that 1 (1.7%) had adequate knowledge, 18 (30%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and 41 (68.3%) had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of leptospirosis. There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge on prevention of leptospirosis among schoolchildren. Conclusion: The study was conducted on 60 schoolchildren. This study proves that majority of schoolchildren had inadequate knowledge about prevention of leptospirosis. So, this present study helped the schoolchildren to know about preventive measures of leptospirosis through the information module.

Background: Delivery mechanism is a spontaneous process and requires no intervention. Advance in medical technology in maternity care have drastically reduced maternal and infant mortality. Childbirth is not only of great importance to the mother and her partner, but also to the entire family. It is a profound event which is physiological, psychosocial and metaphysical. This is the whole family\'s joy and hope that pushes the mother to face all of the pain associated with this. Aims and objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding mode of childbirth among primigravid women. Materials and methods: Descriptive research approach and design was adopted for this study. Sixty primigravid women were selected by purposive sampling technique based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic variables were collected using structured questionnaire, structured knowledge questionnaire used to assess the knowledge regarding mode of childbirth and five point rating scale was used to assess the attitude regarding mode of childbirth. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Spearman\'s Rank Correlation and Chi-square test. Results: Among 60 primigravid women 40 (66.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 20 (33.3%) had adequate knowledge regarding mode of childbirth. Regarding the attitude 53 (88.3%) had positive and 7 (11.7%) had neutral attitude towards normal vaginal delivery and 8 (13.3%) had positive and 52 (86.7%) had neutral attitude towards cesarean section. By using Spearman\'s Rank Correlation Coefficient there was no correlation between mode of childbirth (normal vaginal delivery vs cesarean section) among primigravid women. By using Chi-square, findings showed that there was no significant association between the level of knowledge and attitude regarding mode of childbirth among primigravid women at p < 0.05 level. Conclusion: This study concludes that the preference of mode of childbirth is very important among healthy primigravid women. Our research suggests that women are not responsible for the increase in cesarean section rates. Women have to accept the medically-indicated reasons for mode of delivery.

Background: In India, around 1.98 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) during 2015, representing one-fifth of the global incidence. The initial default is a potential complicating issue, particularly in cases of smear-positive patients because they may continue spreading the disease. The purpose of the study to identify and explore needs required among initial defaulters during TB treatment by using descriptive, exploratory design. Materials and methods: Qualitative exploratory approach, descriptive design, and purposive sampling technique adopted among 29 initial defaulters of TB treatment from the lab register in chest clinic, Puducherry. In this study, a structured interview schedule was used to assess the selected demographic variables, and an open-ended questionnaire was used to identify the factors influencing initial defaulters of TB treatment. Results: The result reveals that there is a significant association (p < 0.05) found in selected demographic characteristics like age, gender, educational status and occupation, type of family, and family history of TB with a minimum duration of 2 years among initial defaulters of TB treatment. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that there is a need on exploring the health needs among the majority of the initial defaulters need regarding awareness on treatment of TB including defaulters and initial defaulters, enforcing to know the importance of completing the course of treatment, 17 of them were asking facilities like cycle and slippers as well as access of drug through the health workers.

Idiopathic fatal pancytopenia is a rare disease with a grave prognosis. Pancytopenia is defined as reduction in all three types of blood cells, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes transport oxygen to parts of our body; leukocytes play a major role in our body by fighting against infection and destroying pathogens; thrombocytes act as primary agents to stop bleeding at the site of injury. Pancytopenia predisposes to increase the chances of infection and bleeding tendencies.^1–3 A 41-year-old female client got admitted in a hospital with the signs and symptoms of giddiness, bleeding per vagina for 20 days, breathlessness on exertion, generalized body weakness, vomiting, and pain abdomen. There were no abnormal findings on physical and systemic examination. Complete blood count (CBC) findings showed decreased number of all three kinds of cells, whereas other hematological parameters were normal. Stool examination revealed presence of occult blood with no abnormal findings on ultrasonography (USG). On bone marrow examination, hypercellular bone marrow was seen with reduction of all three blood cells. Patient was admitted in hospital for 20 days. The cause of pancytopenia remained unexplained. Following administration of blood and blood products, inotropes and hematinic therapy led to the recovery of the blood cell components to normal level. Bone marrow examination later became normal. Idiopathic fatal pancytopenia is a rare condition based on clinical and pathological features.

Inappropriate deposition of fat leads to different forms of diseases, causing morbidity and mortality. The person looks thin despite taking adequate lipid that leads to deposition disorder called lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS). This condition abnormally distributes the fat, where it is not supposed to be deposited. Hence, the patient looks thin and the fats are not in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. It is an autoimmune disease and caused by repeated injection of fat to a particular site. It is classified into two types: generalized and localized lipodystrophy syndrome. Treatment for this syndrome is meterleptin hormone replacement therapy and circulating the site of injection. The prognosis will vary based on the severity of the syndrome.

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is the very rarest genetic mutation nervous system disorder. The children who are affected have classic facial features, high mental disability, global developmental delay, speech impairment, repetitive seizure complaints, and respiratory system abnormalities. In addition, the children have improper coordination (ataxia), repeated purposeless hand movements, sleep disorders, shortsightedness, and frequent constipation. Abnormalities in behavioral pattern are common, even though the children are social being with joyful disposition. Certain symptoms in some affected children resemble the symptoms of autism disorder. The unique clinical features of this condition are that the severity can vary from one child to another. The causative factor for this PTHS is changes in mutation at TCF4 gene. This mutation happens spontaneously in almost all the incidences, not because of the hereditary from family.

Yoga is originated in India considered as an ancient mind–body practice and nowadays it has been recognized and practiced to promote and to maintain health in these conditions: immunological, neuromuscular, psychological, and pain and determines the mind–body practice which encompasses the conventional substantial pose and can integrate alternative factors, such as meditation and breathing activity. Yoga helps in the regulation of the nervous system, physiological functioning, and improves psychological well-being and physical fitness.