Background: Children are the backbone of the nation. Among under-five children from the year 2012 to 2016, more than one million HMFD (hand, mouth, and foot disease) cases have been reported in India. HMFD is a viral infection caused mainly by Coxsackievirus-16 and sometimes Enterovirus-17. Materials and methods: The research design used for this study was a descriptive comparative research design. Sixty samples (30 mothers of under-five children and 30 staff nurses from pediatric ward) were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at pediatric ward at MGMCRI (Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute) in Puducherry. Result: This result showed that knowledge regarding HMFD of the staff nurses is more than that of the mothers of under-five children and there is no significant association between the knowledge regarding the HMFD among the mothers of under-five children with selected demographic variables. Demographic variables of clinical experience and area of postings among staff nurses are statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a need to be aware of HMFD among the mothers of under-five children and nurses. Screening is necessary to detect the hand, mouth and foot disease among children.

Background: There is a high risk for healthcare workers (HCWs) to get infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the ongoing pandemic, which may last for many months. Inadequate preparedness of the healthcare delivery system, such as shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of hand hygiene facilities, insufficient manpower capacity building may compromise the safety of HCWs and quality of care. Therefore, it is essential to ensure efficient workplace readiness for the HCWs for their safety and thereby the continued quality of care. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to assess workplace preparedness at healthcare facilities in northern India, especially the availability of PPE, HCWs capacity building, and mitigation effort taken by institutions. A 20-item structured, prevalidated questionnaire was circulated among nurses, doctors, premedical, and other categories of healthcare workers deployed at different level of healthcare facilities in conveniently selected states of northern India. This web-based survey was conducted during the month of April–June 2020, where 1,218 HCWs voluntarily participated. Results: Out of 1,218 participants, the majority of them reported adequate supply of PPE (804; 66%), availability of sufficient hand hygiene facility (802; 65.8%), organization of capability building and upskilling training program on COVID-19 for them (896; 73.6%), and perceived institute's excellent to good level of support while working with patients of COVID-19 (890; 73.1%). Conclusion: There was provision of adequate PPE, infection control facilities, upskilling of HCWs, and support system for the healthcare warriors in northern India to maintain adequate safety of HCWs and functionality of the healthcare system in this crucial time.

Since centuries, humans have been afflicted with urinary stones dating back to 4,000 BC, and it is the most common disease of the urinary tract. Prevention of recurrence of renal stones remains a serious human health problem.^1,2 Background: Prevention of renal stones recurrence requires a better understanding of the processes involved in stone formation. Kidney stones have been proposed to be a urological condition related to the metabolic syndrome.^3,4 Nephrolithiasis is responsible for 2–3% of end-stage renal diseases.⁵ Aim: To identify the risk factors for renal calculi among patients attending nephrology OPD and to find out the association between the risk factors for renal calculi with the selected demographic variables of patients with renal calculi. Materials and methods: Retrospective research design (Quantitative Approach) was adopted for the study. Thirty patients diagnosed with renal calculi were selected by purposive sampling technique. Risk factors were assessed by using open-ended questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-square test. Results: In the study, 12 (43%) were consuming 3 L of water in a day, 19 (78%) were taking tomatoes more in their food daily, 23 (79%) had no family history of renal calculi, 10 (40%) were having diabetes mellitus, and in consuming excessive amount of salt of more than 59 mg/day, 22 (78%) belong to yes and 8 (22%) belong to no. Regarding consumption of drugs, 19 (64%) belonged to no, 11 (36%) belonged to yes, and 18 (76%) belonged to agriculture. Thirteen (62%) samples are consuming alcohol once weekly, and 18 (64%) were consuming meat twice weekly. With regard to passing urine in a day, most 16 (70%) of the samples were passing 3–5 times, 23 (82%) had history of urinary tract infection, and 26 (86%) were not having the history of immobility. With regard to consumption of milk and milk products, 22(84%) had daily once. There was association between age and chronic and hereditary disease, gender and chronic and hereditary disease, religion and consumption of salt, and education and chronic and hereditary disease. Conclusion: The risk factors for renal calculi were identified, and the education was given to the patients regarding the preventive measures and to control of risk factors in their day-to-day life. This research has been useful in defining risk factors and looking to the future.

Inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and double-vessel diseases constitute clinical syndromes which are caused by hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM). Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction. Patients presenting with IWMI and ACS have a high likelihood of coronary thrombus causing a complete occlusion of the artery more than 90%. In the last several years, there has been an unprecedented focus on quantifying and improving healthcare delivery.^1–6

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be stressful for people and communities. Stress is an inevitable part of life. Coping with it has an effect on both physical and emotional states. Stress may be external and internal factors. Managing stress involves the tips to adapt to the external factors that confront and to the internal factors that strengthen the ability to manage. Stress management helps to cope with the stress and to lead a healthy life.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease caused by the lack of insulin or diminished capacity of the body to utilize insulin. Self-care management plays a significant role to control DM. Execution of diabetes management requires knowledge, faith, and mentality of the patients being dealt with. Diabetes cannot be cured; however, it can be controlled. Hence, it is the duty of healthcare professionals to ensure that a patient has sufficient understanding and ability to control DM.

Auto-brewery syndrome is a rare medical condition where ethanol is produced by endogenous fermentation in the digestive tract.¹ In this rare medical condition, the intoxication of ethanol is produced by the yeast type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is known for its use in the production of bread and alcoholic beverages.² It occurs in patients with small bowel syndrome after surgical resection due to the fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates.^3,4