Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent life-threatening nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). Reported incidences vary widely from 5 to 40% depending on the setting and diagnostic criteria. Aims and objectives: (1) To assess the prevalence of VAP among patients admitted to critical care units. (2) To find out the contributing factors of VAP among patients admitted to critical care units. Materials and methods: A retrospective approach was adopted for the study. The population of the study involves the patients diagnosed with VAP. The cluster sampling technique was used. Data were collected from the records based on the demographic variables and the contributing factors that were listed out in the study. Results: With regard to the contributing factors of the VAP, 40 samples were available. Out of these 40 samples, 12 (30%) were with respiratory illness, 7 (17.5%) were with cardiovascular disorders, 7 (17.5%) were with kidney diseases, 5 (12.5%) were with prolonged length of stay, 2 (5%) were with the resistance to antibiotics and invasive procedures, 3 (7.5%) were with trauma, and 1 (2.5%) was with septicemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken to explore the future career intent of outgoing budding nurses of general nursing midwifery (GNM), Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSc Nursing), and Master of Science in Nursing (MSc Nursing). A total of 409 outgoing budding nurses were recruited through the simple random sampling method from conveniently selected nursing colleges of Uttarakhand state. A pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data. Result showed that the majority (69.4%) of participants were from Uttarakhand, about half (48.5%) of the participants were from urban habitat, and less than half (46.9%) of the participants have joined nursing by their own interest. The majority (91.4%) of the participants were not having any plan 8.6% wished to change the profession, and of these, about one-third (31.4%) of the participants were not interested in nursing and hence willing to change the profession. About one-fourth (25.5%) of the participants have shown their willingness to work in teaching, and less than one-fourth (22.7%) were willing to work at bedside. The majority (78.4%) of the participants were willing to work in India, whereas 83.1% had plan for higher education and a vast majority (94.1%) were willing to work in government sector after completion of their program. The present study concludes that a significant number of participants were willing to work in the country primarily in teaching job followed by bedside especially in government sector.

Background: The eye is the window of the human body through which it feels its way and enjoys the beauty of the world, but as age rises, elderly people develop visual problems. Visual acuity is decreasing in most people older than 65 years. To improve the eyesight naturally, eye exercise is a set of massage that improves blood circulation and relaxes muscles in the ocular region. Objectives: To assess the level of visual acuity among elderly people, to assess the effectiveness of Bates therapy on visual acuity among elderly people, and to find out the association of visual acuity among elderly people with selected demographic variables. Methodology: Preexperimental—one-group pretest and posttest research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was elderly people with decreased visual acuity. Thirty samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured interview schedule and standardized visual acuity assessment scale (Snellen chart). Results: The study result shows that in the right eye, the level of visual acuity among elderly people was as follows: In the pretest, 8 (26.6%) had near-normal vision,19 (63.3%) had moderate low vision, and 3 (10%) had severe low vision. And in the posttest, 2 (6.6%) had normal vision, 9 (30%) had near-normal vision, and 19 (63.3%) belong to moderate low vision. In the left eye, the level of visual acuity among elderly people was as follows: In the pretest, 6 (20%) had near-normal vision, 22 had (73.35%) moderate low vision, and 2 (6.6%) had severe low vision. And in the posttest, 18 (60%) had near-normal vision, 11 (36.6%) had moderate low vision, and only one (3.3%) belongs to severe low vision. The effectiveness of Bates therapy on the level of visual acuity among elderly people was assessed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In the right eye, the pre- and posttest median scores were both three, respectively, and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test value was 2.828, and the obtained p value was 0.005. In the left eye, the pre- and posttest median scores were 3 and 2, respectively, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test value was 3.357, and the obtained p value was 0.001, which is highly statistically significant at p < 0.001* level. It shows that the Bates therapy was effective for decreased visual acuity. Conclusion: The study concludes that Bates therapy was effective in visual acuity among elderly people.

In the era of 21st century, mass media is important part of everyone's life which includes e-mails, online marketing, education sites, etc. Media and computer facilitated new skills that enable the formation and discussion of ideas, problems, data, and views and in another way of presence via network and communities. This review covers all features of mass media with its positive as well as negative aspects. With the emphasis of media on areas such as education, community, children, adolescent, obesity, sexuality, and business, etc., therefore, this research review describes how mass media will comprehensively affect all aspects. Since 2000, mass media has blossomed to prospect and is still growing limitlessly sideways with media sharing, and several other entries that offered real-time updates were announced by the example of Twitter, Facebook, etc. It has become the vital part of everyone's life. Search strategy: Articles were extracted using MESH keywords, such as children, adolescents, human, electronic mail, mass media, marketing, and health education, etc., from Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine. For additional information, we also used literature to obtain information on mass media impact in several fields. Mass media use has grown up exponentially over the past era, and this growth is expected to continue. It has a drastic impact on lives of all age-groups. Mass media is an essential or significant force in this modern civilization which has an impact on several aspects of human life. Overall, mass media has both positive effects and negative effects, but overuse of mass media may lead to a tendency of antisocial behavior.

The palliative care goal is to relieve the patients' suffering and their families by assessment of the comprehensive treatment of physical, psychosocial, and spiritual symptoms felt by the patients. It helps patients and their relatives to conclude suitable medical care and to support the goal of patient care with healthcare professionals. Finally, palliative care establishing the requirement of a proxy, resuscitation status, and advance directives is an essential part of palliative care at the end of life. This review aims to recognize the role of palliative care at the end of life. As death approaches, the symptom burden of a patient may worsen and require more aggressive palliation. As ease measures strengthen, so does the care provided to a dying patient's family. Once death has occurred, the role of palliative care focuses primarily on the support of the patient's family and bereavement.

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India is a part of the worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2.¹ Slowly, the pandemic spread to various states including the union territory of Puducherry.² The first case was recorded in Puducherry on March 17, 2020. Currently, a significant high-level prevalence of COVID-19 has been identified in almost all over Puducherry, which reached approximately 30,000 cases till date, and it takes a challenging lead in treating corona-positive patients in the pandemic situation.⁵ It reflects there is miscegenation about the novel coronavirus in the society. There are lots of myths and facts that muddle in the minds of positive COVID-19 patients.⁸ Hence, this article focuses on the myths and facts reflecting the level of cognition and also creates a general awareness about COVID-19 among the general public.¹⁰

Benign focal epilepsy of childhood is an entity that includes characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations. An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. Here we report a case of Rolandic epilepsy or benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS), which is the most typical epilepsy, and the child presented with typical symptoms of active seizures in the form of uprolling of the eyes and jerky movements of the upper limbs.